[[ch-glossary]]
= Glossary

// These are taken straight from FOLDOC.  There are probably copyright
// issues here.
//
// :) David took some from wikipedia as he knew Patrick would love that
//
// To be honest, we should probably rewrite these as needed.

[[BSD]]
[glossentry]
.BSD, Berkeley System Distribution
=====================================================================
A family of Unix versions developed by Bill Joy and others at the
University of California at Berkeley, originally for the DEC VAX and
PDP-11 computers, and subsequently ported to almost all modern
general-purpose computers. BSD Unix incorporates paged virtual memory,
TCP/IP networking enhancements and many other features <<FOLDOC>>. 
=====================================================================

[[DKIM]]
[glossentry]
.DKIM, Domain Keys Identified Mail
=====================================================================
This adds a DKIM signature to each outbound email message on a system
which can then be verified by recipients. Recipient SMTP servers will
look up the DKIM selector of the mail, and verify that the key the
mail is signed with matches the public key in DNS. 
=====================================================================

[[DNS]]
[glossentry]
.DNS, Domain Name System
=====================================================================
This system is used to convert IP Addresses into hostnames.  It is
also used to determine where mail should be routed for a domain.
=====================================================================

[[FTP]]
[glossentry]
.FTP, File Transfer Protocol
=====================================================================
FTP used to be used to transfer large files over the internet.  It is
an archaic protocol.
=====================================================================

[[FTPS]]
[glossentry]
.FTPS, File Transfer Protocol Secure
=====================================================================
FTPS is an extension to FTP that allows encryption using TLS or SSL. It
is not to be confused with SFTP, which is a subsystem of SSH.
=====================================================================

[[HTML]]
[glossentry]
.HTML, Hypertext Markup Language
=====================================================================
A system to mark up documents.  It is the most common format used for
documents on the world-wide web, and is the format that web browsers
display.
=====================================================================

[[HTTP]]
[glossentry]
.HTTP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol
=====================================================================
This protocol was originally used to transfer HTML documents between
machines connected to the internet.  It has become the standard
protocol for transferring all types of documents over the world-wide
web.
=====================================================================

[[IMAP]]
[glossentry]
.IMAP, Internet Message Access Protocol
=====================================================================
The Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is one of the two most prevalent 
Internet standard protocols for e-mail retrieval, the other being the Post 
Office Protocol (POP). Virtually all modern e-mail clients and mail servers 
support both protocols as a means of transferring e-mail messages from a server.
=====================================================================

[[IP]]
[glossentry]
.IP, Internet Protocol
=====================================================================
The network layer for the TCP/IP protocol suite widely used on
Ethernet networks, defined in STD 5, RFC 791. IP is a
connectionless, best-effort packet switching protocol. It provides
packet routing, fragmentation and re-assembly through the data link
layer.
+
IPv4 is the version in widespread use and IPv6 was just beginning to
come into use in 2000 but was still not widespread by 2008 <<FOLDOC>>.
=====================================================================

[[IP_Address]]
[glossentry]
.IP Address
=====================================================================
IP addresses come in two flavours, reflecting the two versions of
glossaryterm:IP[] used.
+
An IPv4 address is a 32 bit number generally represented as a dotted quad e.g.
10.20.30.40.  There is a limit of just under 4.3 billion IPv4 addresses, which
is slowly being reached, which necessitated the invention of IPv6.
+
An IPv6 address is a 128 bit number, generally represented as a hexadecimal
number, split into nibbles of up to four digits, separated by colons, e.g.
2001:41c8:12::34.  There are up to 2^128^ or 3&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10^38^
addresses available in IPv6.
=====================================================================

[[ISP]]
[glossentry]
.ISP, Internet Service Provider
=====================================================================
A company which provides other companies or individuals with access
to, or presence on, the Internet. Most ISPs are also Internet Access
Providers; extra services include help with design, creation and
administration of World-Wide Web sites, training and administration
of intranets and domain name registration <<FOLDOC>>. 
=====================================================================

[[ManageSieve]]
[glossentry]
.ManageSieve
=====================================================================
ManageSieve is a protocol that is allows glossaryterm:Sieve[] filters to be
managed remotely, testing any filters before allowing them to be used.
=====================================================================

[[MTA]]
[glossentry]
.MTA, Mail Transfer Agent
=====================================================================
A mail transfer agent is a computer 
process or software agent that transfers electronic mail messages from one 
computer to another, in single hop application-level transactions. A MTA 
implements both the client (sending) and server (receiving) portions of the 
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
=====================================================================

[[MUC]]
[glossentry]
.MUC, Multi User Chat
=====================================================================
A Multi User Chat is a feature of XMPP allowing many users to converse in 
the same window. This is often used to ease communication between groups in
different offices, and for the sake of ease can be thought of as the point 
at which mailing lists and instant messages meet.
=====================================================================

[[NTP]]
[glossentry]
.NTP, Network Time Protocol
=====================================================================
A protocol built on top of TCP/IP that assures accurate local
timekeeping with reference to radio, atomic or other clocks located
on the Internet. This protocol is capable of synchronising
distributed clocks within milliseconds over long time periods.<<FOLDOC>>. 
=====================================================================

[[PHP]]
[glossentry]
.PHP
====================================================================
PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is
especially suited for Web development and can be embedded into HTML.
<<PHPNET>>
====================================================================

[[POP3]]
[glossentry]
.POP3, Post Office Protocol 3
=====================================================================
Version 3 of the Post Office Protocol. POP3 is defined in RFC 1081,
written in November 1988 by Marshall Rose, which is based on RFC 918
(since revised as RFC 937). POP3 allows a client computer to
retrieve electronic mail from a POP3 server via a (temporary) TCP/IP
or other[?] connection. It does not provide for sending mail, which
is assumed to be done via SMTP or some other method <<FOLDOC>>. 
=====================================================================

[[SFTP]]
[glossentry]
.Secure File Transfer Protocol, SFTP
=====================================================================
SFTP is a file transfer protocol which involves using an SSH server
to manage the file uploads.  It is secure in the sense that file
contents are encrypted during transfer, and that plain-text passwords
are never sent over the internet.  SFTP is the logical successor to
FTP, which is less secure, and more complex to firewall.
=====================================================================

[[Sieve]]
[glossentry]
.Sieve
=====================================================================
Sieve is a language that can be used to filter email messages.  It is a powerful
language that provides a safe environment for filtering to occur during mail
delivery, allowing messages to be delivered directly into mailboxes configured
by the user.
=====================================================================

[[SMTP]]
[glossentry]
.SMTP, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
=====================================================================
A protocol defined in STD 10, RFC 821, used to transfer electronic
mail between computers, usually over Ethernet. It is a server to
server protocol, so other protocols are used to access the
messages <<FOLDOC>>.
=====================================================================

[[SPF]]
[glossentry]
.SPF, Sender Policy Framework
=====================================================================
An anti-spam measure designed to let domain administrators choose
how mail sent on their domain's behalf will be treated by recipients,
which can help send spoofed mail to spam and protect your domain's
reputation.
=====================================================================

[[SSH]]
[glossentry]
.SSH, Secure Shell
=====================================================================
A Unix shell program for logging into, and executing commands on, a
remote computer. ssh is intended to replace rlogin and rsh, and
provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts
over an insecure network. X11 connections and arbitrary TCP/IP ports
can also be forwarded over the secure channel <<FOLDOC>>.
=====================================================================

[[SSL]]
[glossentry]
.SSL, Secure Sockets Layer
=====================================================================
A protocol designed by Netscape Communications Corporation to
provide secure communications over the Internet using asymmetric key
encryption. SSL is layered beneath application protocols such as
HTTP, SMTP, Telnet, FTP, Gopher and NNTP and is layered above the
connection protocol TCP/IP. It is used by the HTTPS access
method <<FOLDOC>>. 
=====================================================================

[[TCP]]
[glossentry]
.TCP, Transmission Control Protocol
=====================================================================
The most common transport layer protocol used on Ethernet and the
Internet. It was developed by DARPA.

TCP is the connection-oriented protocol built on top of Internet
Protocol (IP) and is nearly always seen in the combination TCP/IP
(TCP over IP). It adds reliable communication and flow-control and
provides full-duplex, process-to-process connections.

TCP is defined in STD 7 and RFC 793 <<FOLDOC>>. 
=====================================================================

[[TLS]]
[glossentry]
.TLS, Transport Layer Security
=====================================================================
A protocol designed to allow client/server applications to
communicate over the Internet without eavesdropping, tampering, or
message forgery.

TLS is defined in RFC 2246 <<FOLDOC>>. 
=====================================================================

[[UDP]]
[glossentry]
.UDP, User Datagram Protocol
=====================================================================
Internet standard network layer, transport layer and session layer
protocols which provide simple but unreliable datagram services. UDP
is defined in STD 6, RFC 768. It adds a checksum and additional
process-to-process addressing information [to what?]. UDP is a
connectionless protocol which, like TCP, is layered on top of IP.

UDP neither guarantees delivery nor does it require a connection. As a
result it is lightweight and efficient, but all error processing and
retransmission must be taken care of by the application
program <<FOLDOC>>. 
=====================================================================

[[URL]]
[glossentry]
.URL, Uniform Resource Locator
=====================================================================
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that 
specifies where an identified resource is available and the mechanism for 
retrieving it. In popular usage and in many technical documents and verbal 
discussions it is often incorrectly used as a synonym for URI. The best-known 
example of a URL is the "address" of a web page e.g. 
http://www.example.com <<WIKIPEDIA_URL>>.
=====================================================================

[[XMPP]]
[glossentry]
.XMPP, Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
=====================================================================
A protocol enabling instant messaging, contact list maintenance, and
presence information. Addresses usually take the same form as an email
address, eg, user@domain.tld. Various common extensions exist, including
file transfer, voice and video ('Jingle'), service discovery, and
multi user chat. Federation is another key feature of XMPP, which allows
any user of XMPP to contact any other user, provided they are able to 
connect that user's XMPP server. XMPP is not limited to chat, but can 
also be used to deliver push notifications, file sharing, and identity services.
===================================================================== 
